Five core risk areas common to all projects


Tom DeMarco and Tim Lister identified five core risk areas common to all projects in their book, Waltzing with Bears:

  • Intrinsic Schedule Flaw (estimates that are wrong and undoable from day one, often based on wishful thinking)
  • Specification Breakdown (failure to achieve stakeholder consensus on what to build)
  • Scope Creep (additional requirements that inflate the initially accepted set)
  • Personnel Loss
  • Productivity Variation (difference between assumed and actual performance)

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